British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922 for
his development of the mass spectrograph, a device that separates atoms
or molecular fragments of different mass and measures those masses with
remarkable accuracy. Aston used the mass spectrograph to discover a
large number of nuclides, or nuclear species that differ in mass. The
mass spectrograph is widely used in geology, chemistry, biology, and
nuclear physics. After World War I, Aston constructed a new type of positive-ray apparatus,
which he named a mass spectrograph. It showed that not only neon but
also many other elements are mixtures of isotopes. Aston's achievement
is illustrated by the fact that he discovered 212 of the 287 naturally
occurring nuclides.
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