Soviet physical chemist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
with Sir Cyril Hinshelwood for research in chemical kinetics. He was
the second Soviet citizen (after the emigre writer Ivan Bunin) to receive
a Nobel Prize. Like Hinshelwood, Semyonov conducted research on the mechanism of chemical
chain reactions and their significance in relation to explosions. Semyonov
was the first to show that chain reactions are the norm in chemical
transformations of matter. He published the influential book O nekotorykh
problemakh khimicheskoy kinetiki i reaktsionnoy sposobnosti (1954; Some
Problems in Chemical Kinetics and Reactivity). Semenov also played an
important part in resisting narrow interpretations of Marxism-Leninism
in its application to chemistry.
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